Contents
Cobbler无人值守自动安装多版本系统
基础环境配置
centos8
修改网卡文件
修改虚拟主机配置
修改主机网卡配置
cobbler必备的软件包
- cobbler #cobbler程序包
- cobbler-web #cobbler的web服务包
- pykickstart #cobbler检查kickstart语法错误
- httpd #Apache web服务
- dhcp #dhcp服务
- tftp-server #tftp服务
- pykickstart #自动应答
- rsync-daemon #rsync服务，cobbler同步
cobbler软件安装
# 配置阿里云源的epel源和Base源(需要联网操作执行)
dnf install epel-release
# 安装Cobbler所需的软件
yum -y install httpd dhcp* tftp tftp-server cobbler cobbler-web pykickstart rsync-daemon
#查看和启动cobbler模块
dnf module list | grep cobbler
cobbler 3 default [d] Versatile Linux deployment server
cobbler 3.3 default Versatile Linux deployment server
dnf module enable cobbler:3
# 安装图形化界面，方便后续的kickstarts文件的生成(可选择,有桌面可不选)
nohup yum groupinstall -y "Server with GUI" &
# 启动Cobbler等相关依赖服务
systemctl enable --now cobblerd httpd tftp
#dhcpd 服务可能启动会报错，DHCP会在后面进行配置
# 查看端口
netstat -auntlp | grep 25151
关闭selinux，重启生效
[root@vmware1 yum.repos.d]# getenforce
Enforcing
[root@vmware1 yum.repos.d]# cat /etc/selinux/config
#SELINUX=enforcing
SELINUX=disabled
永久修改主机名
hostnamectl set-hostname Cobbler
reoot重启主机
cobbler环境配置
检查状态
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:
1 : The 'server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than localhost, or kickstarting features will not work. This should be a resolvable hostname or IP for the boot server as reachable by all machines that will use it.
2 : For PXE to be functional, the 'next_server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than 127.0.0.1, and should match the IP of the boot server on the PXE network.
3 : change 'disable' to 'no' in /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
4 : Some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders. If you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely. Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot.
5 : comment out 'dists' on /etc/debmirror.conf for proper debian support
6 : comment out 'arches' on /etc/debmirror.conf for proper debian support
7 : The default password used by the sample templates for newly installed machines (default_password_crypted in /etc/cobbler/settings) is still set to 'cobbler' and should be changed, try: "openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' 'your-password-here'" to generate new one
Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.
[root@cobbler ~]# openssl passwd -1 -salt $(openssl rand -hex 4)
Password:此处输入密码123456，该密码用于修改配置
$1$cf763228$od3Yyf5tUhN71/tZiYLGr1
修改settings.yaml文件
vim /etc/cobbler/settings.yaml
注意冒号后的空格
#修改默认密码
default_password_crypted: "$1$cf763228$od3Yyf5tUhN71/tZiYLGr1"
# tftp服务器的 IP 地址
next_server: 192.168.126.21
# cobbler服务器的 IP 地址
server: 192.168.126.21
# 设置为1，表示通过cobbler生成dhcpd.conf配置文件(可选择)
manage_dhcp：treu
# 设置为1,防止重复安装系统(可选择)
pxe_just_once: true
dhcp配置
vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template
subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { 网段和掩码
option routers 192.168.1.5; 网关
option domain-name-servers 192.168.1.1; DNS地址
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0; 子网掩码
range dynamic-bootp 192.168.1.100 192.168.1.254; Ip范围
default-lease-time 21600;
max-lease-time 43200;
修改为
subnet 192.168.126.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
option routers 192.168.168.2;
option domain-name-servers 8.8.8.8;
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
range dynamic-bootp 192.168.126.60 192.168.126.90;
default-lease-time 21600;
max-lease-time 43200;
systemctl restart httpd cobblerd
cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:
1: some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders. If you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely. Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, and yaboot.
2: reposync is not installed, install yum-utils or dnf-plugins-core
3: yumdownloader is not installed, install yum-utils or dnf-plugins-core
4: comment out 'dists' on /etc/debmirror.conf for proper debian support
5: comment out 'arches' on /etc/debmirror.conf for proper debian support
Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.
//安装包 解决报错解决报错
dnf -y install yum-utils
dnf -y install syslinux
dnf -y install syslinux-extlinux syslinux-tftpboot
cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /usr/share/syslinux/menu.c32 /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
//复制这两个文件到这个目录里面
ls /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
menu.c32 pxelinux.0
[root@localhost ~]# ./usr/share/cobbler/bin/mkgrub.sh
//执行这个脚本
[root@localhost ~]# ls /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
grub ldlinux.c32 menu.c32 pxelinux.0
#用于同步配置到cobbler的数据目录，对于cobbler的任何更改，都应该在更改后执行这条命令用于同步。
#进行自动同步文件
cobbler sync
出现下面表示成功
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
文件放入虚拟机的方法
1、安装VMware-tool直接拖进虚拟机
2、开启虚拟机共享文件夹
3、rzsz命令
4、其他网络方法
方法1：
将iso文件放入/mnt/目录下
mkdir /mnt/cdroom8
mount -r /mnt/CentOS-8.1.1911-x86_64-dvd1.iso /mnt/centos8/
方法2：将光驱中的内容进行挂载
1）设置CD/DVD设备状态勾选已连接
2）使用df -h命令查看光盘是否挂载，即是否有/dev/sr*的盘符
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt
mount: /mnt: 在 /dev/sr0 上找不到媒体.
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt
mount: /mnt: WARNING: device write-protected, mounted read-only.
[root@localhost ~]# ls /mnt/
CentOS_BuildTag EULA images LiveOS repodata RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-7
EFI GPL isolinux Packages RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 TRANS.TBL
cobbler导入镜像
导入镜像
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler import --name=CentOS7-X86_64 --arch=X86_64 --path=/mnt
task started: 2024-05-07_203615_import
task started (id=Media import, time=Tue May 7 20:36:15 2024)
cobbler/distro_mirror/CentOS7-X86_64-x86_64/repodata
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
--path表示镜像所挂载的目录
--name表示为安装源定义的名字
--arch（不需要写这个参数）表示指定安装源是32位还是64位，目前支持的选项：x86，x86_64，ia64
//查看导入结果
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler list
distros:
CentOS7-X86_64-x86_64
profiles:
CentOS7-X86_64-x86_64
systems:
repos:
images:
mgmtclasses:
packages:
files:
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler distro report
Name : CentOS7-X86_64-x86_64
Architecture : x86_64
Automatic Installation Template Metadata : {'tree': 'http://@@http_server@@/cblr/links/CentOS7-X86_64-x86_64'}
TFTP Boot Files : {}
Boot loader : grub
Breed : redhat
Comment :
Fetchable Files : {}
Initrd : /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/CentOS7-X86_64-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img
Kernel : /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/CentOS7-X86_64-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz
Kernel Options : {}
Kernel Options (Post Install) : {}
Management Classes : []
OS Version : rhel7
Owners : ['admin']
Redhat Management Key :
Remote Boot Initrd : ~
Remote Boot Kernel : ~
Template Files : {}
镜像存放位置
[root@localhost ~]# ls /var/www/cobbler
默认安装系统
此时默认生成的是最小化安装
若是按步骤做的这里，最小化的安装 root 密码就应该是 123456 可以在 Cobbler 安装出来的系统使用该密码进行登录
创建虚拟机，不指定iso文件，稍后安装的方式即可，启动虚拟机就会有安装界面，注意虚拟机的cpu线程和内存不要给太小，不然安装会出错
cobbler的web管理页面
访问web管理页面，注意只能是https访问，http访问会403
https://192.168.126.51/cobbler_web
用户名密码都是cobbler
下面是定制化加强版（有时间再研究）
//查看导入的镜像
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler distro list
CentOS7-X86_64-x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile list
CentOS7-X86_64-x86_64
#若觉得不能满足生产需要，需要删除默认生成的菜单，然后重新制作kisckstart 文件
配置 kisckstart 无人值守安装脚本(是使用python编写的软件包)
yum -y install system-config-kickstart
#进入图形界面执行
system-config-kickstart
#后续操作就直接跟 kickstart 的向导进行配置
参考
【Linux集群教程】15 集群装机 – Cobbler 简介和搭建 https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_40274679/article/details/127450032
Centos8部署cobbler https://blog.csdn.net/Mingzi540/article/details/126315453